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Among toxic heavy metals, lead poisoning is one of the most common. Lead is widely used in industry and is present in small amounts in the environment. It has been used for years in:

  • Paints
  • Water pipes
  • Pesticides
  • Cans and food containers

Lead levels tend to be higher in older homes and areas near industrial sites.

Pathways of Lead Exposure:

Lead enters the body through:

  • Inhalation (breathing in lead particles)
  • Gastrointestinal absorption (ingested lead-containing substances)

Absorption rate depends on particle size and chemical form:

  • In adults: 6-10% of ingested lead is absorbed, with only a small fraction retained in tissues.
  • In children:40-50% of ingested lead is absorbed, and 20-25% is stored in body tissues due to rapid growth and a higher intestinal absorption rate.

Even small amounts of lead can negatively impact multiple organs and tissues, often without noticeable symptoms.

  • Lead inhibits hemoglobin synthesis, leading to microcytic anemia even with normal iron levels.
  • Lead molecules disrupt nerve signal transmission, affecting the nervous system.
  • Do not eat for 2-3 hours before the test; drinking still water is allowed.
  • Refrain from smoking for at least 30 minutes before the test.
  • Symptoms of lead poisoning
  • Preventive screening for children and adults
  • Testing family members of workers exposed to lead (to check for household contamination from lead dust on clothing)
  • Occupational exposure monitoring (for individuals working with lead)
  • During and after treatment for lead poisoning

Causes of Elevated Lead Levels in Blood:

  • Acute or chronic lead poisoning