Vitamin B2

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) is a coenzyme for many vital enzymes and a water-soluble biologically active substance involved in protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism. Vitamin B2 also acts as a cofactor for glutathione reductase and enhances its activity. It is essential for the formation and protection of red blood cells, antibody synthesis, growth processes, and tissue respiration. Vitamin A, together with B2, ensures the integrity of mucous membranes. It also increases the absorption of iron and vitamin B6 from food, reduces eye fatigue, and helps prevent cataracts.

Riboflavin supplements are used to treat skin diseases, slow-healing wounds, eye disorders, diabetes, anemia, liver cirrhosis, and intestinal pathologies.

Vitamin B2 is obtained from food sources, including milk, grains, liver, kidneys, vegetables, and almonds. E101 is also used as a food coloring. Riboflavin is not stored in the body, so daily intake is necessary.

The level of riboflavin in the blood may increase with parenteral administration, dietary sources, or supplements containing high amounts of the vitamin. However, excess riboflavin is quickly excreted by the kidneys. High levels of vitamin B2 in urine make it appear bright yellow. Riboflavin is not toxic, even in high doses.

The daily requirement for riboflavin in adults is 1.1–1.3 mg (for pregnant women, 1.6 mg).
 

Vitamin B2 Deficiency (Ariboflavinosis)

Vitamin B2 deficiency has some clinical similarities with pellagra (niacin deficiency). Symptoms may include:

• Seborrheic dermatitis and rough skin (especially on the face)
• Cheilosis (red, swollen, cracked lips)
• Angular stomatitis (cracks in the corners of the mouth)
• Similar lesions in the anal, vaginal, and joint areas
• Normochromic normocytic anemia
• Neurological disorders, muscle weakness, and leg pain