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Vitamin H (Biotin)

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Vitamin B7 (biotin, vitamin H, coenzyme R) is a water-soluble vitamin from the B-group. It is a component of many enzymes that regulate carbohydrate and fat metabolism and has insulin-like activity. It plays an important role in glycogen synthesis, hemoglobin production, and protein absorption. Biotin also supports the immune system, benefits gut microflora, and aids in carbon dioxide transfer for proper metabolic function. Additionally, it maintains the nervous system and improves the health of skin, hair, and nails.

When Can Vitamin B7 Deficiency Occur?

A dietary deficiency of vitamin B7 or genetic enzyme defects (such as biotinidase deficiency) can lead to biotin deficiency, though this is a relatively rare condition.

Symptoms of Vitamin B7 Deficiency

Clinical manifestations of severe biotin deficiency may include:

  • Loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting
  • Glossitis (inflammation of the tongue)
  • Dermatitis
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Alopecia (hair loss)
  • Ataxia (loss of coordination)
  • Hypotonia (low muscle tone)
  • Keto-lactic acidosis/organic aciduria
  • Seizures
  • Skin infections
  • Thinning hair, skin rashes around the eyes, nose, and mouth
  • Immune system dysfunction
  • Developmental delays in children
  • The analysis is performed on a blood sample taken from a vein.
  • The test should be taken after 8–14 hours of fasting. Water is allowed.
  • After a light meal, the test can be taken no earlier than 4 hours later.
  • Evaluation of vitamin B7 status in the body and deficiency assessment
  • Gastrointestinal diseases (celiac disease, cystic fibrosis, intestinal inflammation, pancreatic disorders, etc.)
  • Development of vitamin B7 hypovitaminosis (unbalanced diet, dysbiosis, anticonvulsant use, antibiotic therapy, pregnancy, malabsorption syndrome, smoking)
  • Neurological symptoms (numbness, tremors, burning sensations)
  • Skin conditions (eczema, dermatitis, acne)
  • Anemia, high cholesterol and blood sugar levels
  • Developmental delays in children, reduced muscle tone
  • Thinning hair, alopecia, premature graying
  • Biotinidase deficiency, inherited metabolic disorders involving multiple carboxylase deficiencies

Causes of Increased Biotin Levels

  • Biotin supplementation
  • Hemodialysis

Causes of Decreased Biotin Levels

  • Insufficient biotin intake from breast milk (in newborns)
  • Long-term parenteral nutrition
  • Leiner’s disease
  • Genetic metabolic disorders (biotinidase deficiency)
  • Excessive alcohol consumption and artificial sweetener use
  • Strict dieting and restricted nutrition
  • Digestive disorders and dysbiosis caused by gastric and intestinal mucosal atrophy
  • Use of antibiotics, sulfonamides, anticonvulsants
  • Prolonged pregnancy with toxicosis