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uadruple Test (Second-Trimester Screening Test)

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The quadruple screening test measures the levels of four substances produced during fetal development in the womb. These four markers are:

  • Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP): A protein produced by the baby's liver.
  • Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG): A hormone produced by the placenta.
  • Estriol (uE3): A hormone produced by the placenta and the baby's liver.
  • Inhibin A: Another hormone produced by the placenta.

The quadruple test increases the sensitivity of Down syndrome detection by 20% compared to the triple test.

  • The analysis is performed on a blood sample taken from a vein.
  • The test must be taken on an empty stomach.
  • To detect chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus.
  • To determine the necessity of invasive prenatal diagnostic procedures (such as amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling).
  • High AFP levels may indicate neural tube defects in the baby. This can result in spina bifida, a condition where the tissues around the baby's spinal cord do not close properly.
  • Low AFP levels combined with elevated hCG, Estriol, and Inhibin A may suggest an increased risk of Down syndrome in the baby.