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Thyroglobulin

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Thyroglobulin (TG) is a glycoprotein used as a tumor marker for monitoring thyroid cancer treatment.

Important Notes

  • Testing should be performed no later than 6 weeks after treatment or thyroidectomy.
  • If a thyroid biopsy or scan is planned, TG levels should be measured beforehand.
  • TG levels in the blood depend on three main factors:
    1. The total mass of differentiated thyroid tissue
    2. Inflammation or damage to the thyroid gland
    3. The extent of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor activation

Attention!

  • Different laboratories may use different methods to measure TG levels, so treatment monitoring should always be performed in the same lab using the same method.
  • Anti-TG antibodies (Anti-TG) can interfere with TG test results, leading to artificially low readings. Therefore, Anti-TG should be measured simultaneously with TG.
  • TG testing may be unreliable in patients receiving thyroid suppression therapy.
  • The test is performed on a venous blood sample.
  • Fasting (8–14 hours) is required before the test (water intake is allowed).
  • The test can also be performed at least 4 hours after a light meal.
  • For follow-up monitoring, testing should be done 6 weeks after surgery or therapy.
  • The test should be performed before a thyroid scan or biopsy.
  • Monitoring thyroid cancer treatment
  • Diagnosis of factitious (artificial) thyrotoxicosis
  • Determining the cause of congenital hypothyroidism in children
  • Assessing thyroiditis activity
  • Screening for iodine deficiency in the population

  • Causes of Increased Thyroglobulin Levels

  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Subacute thyroiditis
  • Benign thyroid adenoma
  • Follicular and papillary thyroid carcinoma