Examinations
Examinations
Antiphospholipid Antibodies IgM
Antiphospholipid antibodies IgM are produced against the antigens of structural components of the cell membrane—phospholipids. The primary role of antiphospholipid antibodies is associated with impairments in blood clotting processes. APS (Antiphospholipid Syndrome) affects the membranes of endothelial cells (the inner layer of blood vessels), thereby activating coagulation processes and leading to the formation of blood clots.
Purpose of the Test
This test is used in the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome, which manifests as recurrent pregnancy loss in women. In men, antiphospholipid syndrome can lead to thrombosis in the lower limb vessels, often resulting in complications such as ischemic heart disease and other manifestations of atherosclerosis.
- Discontinue heparin and its analogs 5 days before the test (only under a doctor’s supervision).
- Avoid smoking for 30 minutes before the test.
- To determine the causes of thrombotic microangiopathy, recurrent pregnancy loss in later stages, thrombocytopenia, and prolonged thromboplastin formation.
- If antiphospholipid syndrome is suspected (testing should be performed at least twice, with an interval of 6 weeks).
- In cases of recurrent miscarriages, in addition to the APTT test.
- In young patients with recurrent thrombosis.
- During thrombocytopenia.
- If symptoms of thrombotic microangiopathy appear (pain and swelling in the limbs, shortness of breath, and headaches).
Interpretation of Results
Negative Result:
- No specific IgM antibodies detected.
Low or Moderate Levels of Antibodies:
- The presence of antibodies due to infection, medication intake, or age is usually considered a low-concentration response. However, it should be thoroughly assessed alongside other symptoms and clinical data.
If Antiphospholipid Antibody Levels Remain Above Average in a Repeat Test (After 8-10 Weeks):
- High risk of thrombosis
- During pregnancy – High risk of pregnancy complications (requires hemostasis system monitoring).
- In certain clinical manifestations – Diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome.