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Islet cell antibodies (ICA)

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Islet cell antibodies (ICA) are autoantibodies targeting the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas. The presence of chronic autoimmune inflammation against islet cells is a key factor in the pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D).

Clinical Significance

  • Persistent autoimmune attack leads to the complete destruction of islet cells, resulting in absolute insulin deficiency over time.
  • ICA testing is performed alongside other autoantibody tests, including:
    • Anti-Insulin Antibodies (IAA)
    • Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD) Antibodies
    • Tyrosine Phosphatase (IA-2) Antibodies
    • Zinc Transporter 8 (ZnT8) Antibodies
  • ICA testing is useful for diagnosing Type 1 Diabetes, especially in the early stages before clinical symptoms appear.
  • Sample: Venous blood.
  • Take the test at least 4 hours after a light meal.
  • Avoid alcohol, physical exertion, and emotional stress before the test.
  •   Diabetes

Positive ICA Test May Indicate:

  • Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)
  • Increased risk of developing T1D in first-degree relatives of diabetic patients
  • Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA)

Negative ICA Test:

  • Absence of autoimmune diabetes
  • Not all Type 1 diabetes patients have detectable ICA, so additional autoantibody tests (GAD, IA-2, IAA, ZnT8) may be required.