HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is an infection that attacks the body's immune system and weakens its ability to defend against diseases. If left untreated, the virus can progress to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). Currently, HIV affects millions of people worldwide and can lead to life-threatening complications if not diagnosed and treated in time.
What is HIV?
HIV targets the body’s key immune cells, called CD4 lymphocytes. Over time, the number of these cells decreases, leaving the body vulnerable to various infections and diseases. HIV may not cause severe symptoms immediately, but over the years it weakens the immune system, putting the body at serious risk.
What is AIDS and how is it different from HIV?
Not everyone infected with HIV immediately develops AIDS. AIDS, the final stage of the disease, occurs only as a result of long-term untreated HIV infection. At this stage, the immune system is severely damaged, leaving the person defenseless against even common infections and malignant tumors.
How is HIV transmitted?
There are misconceptions in society about the ways HIV is transmitted. That is why accurate information on this topic is essential. The virus is primarily spread through blood and bodily fluids.
Most common modes of transmission:
- Unprotected sexual contact
- Exposure to infected blood (needles, syringes, or non-sterile medical instruments)
- From an infected mother to her child (during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding).
HIV is not transmitted through everyday contact - hugging, kissing, eating from the same utensils, or through the air.
Symptoms of HIV
Many people may not have any symptoms for a long time after infection. In the early stage, flu-like symptoms such as fever, sore throat, and fatigue may occur. Over the years, the virus weakens the immune system, leaving the person susceptible to frequent infections, prolonged weakness, weight loss, and chronic fatigue.
How is HIV diagnosed?
Specialized laboratory tests are used to detect HIV. The most commonly used methods are antibody and antigen tests. Test results are most accurate within the first 4–12 weeks after potential exposure. Early diagnosis plays a crucial role in starting treatment on time.
Is there a treatment for HIV?
HIV cannot currently be cured, but antiretroviral therapy (ART) can keep the virus under control. These medications help protect the immune system, prevent progression to AIDS, and reduce the risk of transmission. Thanks to modern treatments, people living with HIV can lead long and healthy lives.
Ways to Prevent from HIV/AIDS
The most effective way to combat HIV is to prevent it. To do this:
- Use protected sexual intercourse;
- Do not share needles or syringes.
- Pay attention to the use of sterile instruments in medical procedures;
- It is important for people in risk groups to undergo regular testing.
HIV/AIDS is a widespread infection worldwide, but it can be managed effectively with timely diagnosis and proper treatment. Through early testing, medical supervision, and preventive measures, both personal health can be protected and the risk of transmission reduced. Being informed and educated is the most powerful tool in the fight against this disease.