In modern times, one of the most common psychological disorders people face is depression. Daily fatigue, stress, and sadness can sometimes be mistaken for depression. But in fact, this condition is a serious illness that affects both a person's psychological and physical health. If not diagnosed early and properly treated, it can significantly reduce quality of life.
What is depression?
Depression is a mental disorder characterized by prolonged sadness, loss of enthusiasm, decreased motivation, and lack of energy. This condition negatively affects not only a person's emotions but also their behavior, thinking patterns, and daily activities. According to medical science, depression is caused by an imbalance of chemicals in the brain, along with social and psychological factors.
Causes of depression
The causes of depression are diverse and multifaceted. First, it should be emphasized that this condition is influenced not only by external factors but also by internal biological processes. In other words, depression is rooted in both genetic predisposition and environmental influences. The main contributing factors include genetic inheritance, deficiencies of brain neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine, prolonged stress, serious illnesses, traumatic events, and social isolation.
Symptoms of depression
Everyone experiences sadness and hopelessness at some point in their lives. However, depression is a long-term condition that affects daily life.
Symptoms may include persistent sadness, changes in appetite and sleep, lack of energy, difficulty concentrating, feelings of guilt, withdrawal from social activities, and even loss of interest in life. In some cases, physical symptoms such as headaches, gastrointestinal problems, and heart palpitations are also observed. Depression can only be diagnosed by a psychologist or psychiatrist. Experts typically gather detailed information about the patient’s mood, daily activities, and the persistence of symptoms. Accurate assessment is also conducted through specific tests and questionnaires. Most importantly, it is essential to distinguish depression from similar symptoms caused by other medical conditions.
Treatment and support options for depression
Depression is a treatable condition, and its management typically involves a comprehensive approach. Medication, psychotherapy, lifestyle changes, and social support are used together. Psychotherapy—especially cognitive behavioral therapy—helps the patient change negative thought patterns.
In addition, regular exercise, maintaining a healthy sleep routine, balanced nutrition, and strengthening social connections with loved ones can enhance the effectiveness of treatment.