Anyone who is sexually active is likely to encounter the human papillomavirus (HPV) at some point in their life. There are over a hundred types of this virus, most of which are completely harmless. Most importantly, with accurate information and timely screening, serious risks can be easily prevented.
Through this article, we will explain what human papillomavirus (HPV) is, the risks it poses for women, and, most importantly, what steps to take if affected. Remember, being informed is your strongest protection!
The Hidden Risks of Papillomavirus in Women
The types of human papillomavirus (HPV) are divided into two main groups: low-risk and high-risk. Low-risk types usually cause only unpleasant but harmless warts (papillomas), which the body can clear on its own.
However, it is the high-risk HPV types, particularly types 16 and 18, that pose a serious threat.
- Hidden Danger: High-risk HPV can cause changes in cervical cells for years without any symptoms. Over time, these changes may develop into cervical cancer. Because this process is slow, regular screenings are essential for early detection and prevention.
- When we talk about papilloma disease, we usually refer to precancerous conditions, as the most serious complication caused by the papilloma virus is precisely this.
Transmission Routes and Prevention Methods
HPV is transmitted through skin-to-skin contact and can spread even without full sexual intercourse. This means that many people can carry and transmit the virus without being aware of it.
The most important steps for prevention:
- Vaccination: Vaccination is the most effective way to protect against HPV. When given before the onset of sexual activity, it provides protection against high-risk types.
- Condoms: Using condoms reduces the risk of infection, but because HPV can spread through skin-to-skin contact, they do not offer complete protection.
- Monogamy: Being in a monogamous relationship (with a single long-term partner) significantly lowers the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Early Symptoms and Warning Signals of HPV in Women
Symptoms of papillomavirus vary depending on the type:
- Visible Signs (Low-Risk): Small, flesh-colored bumps or warts (papillomas) may appear in the genital area or around the anus. These warts typically respond well to treatment.
- Warning Signals (High-Risk): These types usually cause no symptoms in the early stages. In rare cases, signs may appear at the cancerous stage, such as:
- Unusual vaginal bleeding (after sexual intercourse or between menstrual cycles).
- Pelvic pain.
- Abnormal vaginal discharge.
If you encounter any of these symptoms, do not panic and consult a gynecologist and take care of your health by having gynecological tests.
HPV Testing and the Importance of Early Diagnosis
HPV testing (or HPV analysis) forms the cornerstone of cervical cancer screening. The best way to combat this hidden threat is to detect it early and neutralize it.
- Pap Test (Cytology): Checks whether any cellular changes have already begun.
- HPV Test: Detects the presence of DNA from high-risk HPV virus types in the cervix.
Early Diagnosis: If these tests detect precancerous changes, your doctor can perform a colposcopy and remove the affected tissue through a minor procedure. This effectively prevents the development of cancer.Treatment of papilloma (if there are no warts) involves eliminating the damage caused by the virus rather than removing it from the body.