Stroke is one of the most common diseases worldwide and is considered a leading cause of death and disability. As a result of the sudden cessation of blood circulation in the brain, brain cells are deprived of oxygen and damaged. This seriously affects a person's speech, memory, movement and overall quality of life.
What is a Stroke?
A stroke is a sudden interruption or impairment of the blood supply to the brain. Medically, there are two main types of stroke:
- Ischemic stroke – occurs when the brain’s blood vessels are blocked by a thrombus or clot.
- Hemorrhagic stroke – occurs when a brain blood vessel ruptures, causing bleeding.
In both cases, the result is the same: brain tissue is deprived of oxygen and functions deteriorate.
Main Causes of Stroke
There are many factors that increase the risk of stroke. One of the most common causes is high blood pressure. When hypertension is not properly managed, it weakens the blood vessel walls and increases the likelihood of both blockage and rupture. In addition, diabetes, high cholesterol, obesity, smoking, alcohol use, and a sedentary lifestyle also increase the risk of stroke. Stress, unhealthy diet, and hereditary predisposition also play an important role.
Symptoms of Stroke
Stroke often begins suddenly, and the first symptoms are immediately noticeable. A person may experience facial asymmetry, sudden weakness in the arms or legs, slurred speech, or difficulty speaking. Sometimes vision is impaired, and dizziness or severe headache may occur. Calling emergency medical help without delay when these symptoms appear can save lives.
Stroke Treatment
Stroke treatment is important to saving the patient's life and preventing brain damage. Time plays a key role here. Medical care provided in the first hours increases the success of treatment several times. Although the methods used differ depending on the type of stroke, the goal is the same: to restore blood circulation, protect brain tissue, and restore the patient's lost functions. The treatment process doesn't end with the acute phase but continues with rehabilitation and long-term preventive measures.
Treatment in the acute phase
In ischemic stroke, thrombolytic drugs dissolve the blood clot and restore blood flow. In hemorrhagic stroke, the main goal is to stop the bleeding. In some cases, brain surgery may be necessary.
Treatment during rehabilitation
A stroke patient recovers not only through medical intervention but also with rehabilitation measures. Physiotherapy, movement exercises, speech therapy, and psychological support are essential parts of this stage.
Preventive measures
After treatment, it is also very important for the patient to make lifestyle changes. Healthy eating, regular exercise, monitoring blood pressure and blood sugar levels, and avoiding smoking and alcohol can help prevent a second stroke in the future.
Although stroke can have serious consequences, timely diagnosis and proper treatment can alleviate the patient's condition. Managing risk factors and adopting a healthy lifestyle are the most effective ways to prevent stroke.