PFAPA syndrome is one of the most common periodic fever syndromes in children. Its name comes from the initials of the English words:
- P – Periodic (recurring)
- F – Fever
- A – Aphthous Stomatitis (mouth ulcers)
- P – Pharyngitis (throat inflammation)
- A – Adenitis (swollen neck lymph nodes)
PFAPA syndrome is a childhood disease characterized by recurring fever, mouth ulcers, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes.
Symptoms of PFAPA syndrome
PFAPA usually begins in children between the ages of 2 and 5 and presents in a cyclical manner. Symptoms begin suddenly and can last 3 to 6 days.
- Recurring high fever (38–40°C)
- Sore throat and difficulty swallowing
- Swelling of the neck lymph nodes
- Aphthous ulcers in the mouth (painful mouth sores)
- Fatigue and loss of appetite in the child
The disease usually recurs at regular intervals (every 3–6 weeks).
Causes of PFAPA syndrome
The exact cause of this syndrome is not yet fully understood. However, doctors believe it may be related to a temporary dysregulation of the immune system. It is not a contagious disease and is not usually genetically transmitted.
Diagnosis of PFAPA syndrome
The diagnosis is mainly based on the child’s symptoms and the recurrent nature of the condition. Blood tests may show elevated inflammatory markers, but no infection is detected.
Treatment of PFAPA syndrome
There is no specific treatment for the disease, but it is possible to alleviate the symptoms.
- Corticosteroids – under medical supervision, they can quickly stop fever episodes.
- Supportive medications – antipyretics and pain relievers may be used.
- Tonsillectomy – in some cases, removing the tonsils can lead to complete recovery.
PFAPA syndrome usually becomes milder as the child grows and may disappear during adolescence.Although PFAPA syndrome is a concern for parents, it does not cause serious complications in children. With regular medical supervision and proper treatment, it is possible to maintain the child's quality of life.