Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is an enzyme involved in energy production. It is present in all cells, including red blood cells (RBCs), and plays a crucial role in protecting cells from toxic metabolic byproducts. A deficiency in G6PD makes RBCs more susceptible to hemolysis.

G6PD deficiency is a genetic disorder. In individuals with this condition, exposure to stress, infections, or certain medications can lead to changes in the RBC membrane, causing them to break down easily. Hemolytic anemia occurs when the body cannot produce enough new RBCs to replace the destroyed ones. Symptoms of hemolytic anemia include jaundice, fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath.