Examinations
Examinations
Phosphorus is a non-metallic element involved in various biochemical reactions. It is one of the essential elements required for the body to function properly. It plays a critical role in maintaining the structural integrity of bones, teeth, and vital organs such as the heart, brain, and kidneys. Phosphorus is the second most abundant mineral in the body after calcium. Living cells use phosphate for cellular energy transport through adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Approximately 85% of phosphorus is stored in bones and teeth, while the rest is found in muscle tissues and blood.
- Formation of strong bones and teeth
- Growth and repair of cells and tissues
- Regulating fluids in the body as an electrolyte
- Supporting ATP release for energy utilization in processes like heartbeat regulation, nerve conduction, hormone balance, muscle contractions, and energy storage
- Aiding in the synthesis of macronutrients such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids
- Sample: Blood collected from a vein
- Preparation: Fast for 8-14 hours before the test
- Dental and bone issues
- Growth and developmental problems
- Poor bone development in children
- Osteomalacia
- Osteoporosis
- Rapid bone degradation
- Fibromyalgia
Causes of Increased Phosphorus Levels (Hyperphosphatemia):
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
- Hypoparathyroidism (deficiency of parathyroid hormones)
- Kidney failure
- Liver disease
- Use of phosphate-containing medications
- Vitamin and mineral imbalances (e.g., calcium and magnesium deficiency, excess vitamin D)
- Chemotherapy drugs
- Excessive intake of phosphorus-rich foods or supplements
Causes of Decreased Phosphorus Levels (Hypophosphatemia):
- Alcoholism
- Hypercalcemia (high calcium levels)
- Hyperparathyroidism (high levels of parathyroid hormone)
- Diabetes
- Low dietary phosphate intake
- Low-protein diets
- Vitamin D deficiency
- Anorexia
- Excessive use of medications (e.g., insulin, ACE inhibitors, corticosteroids, antacids, anticonvulsants, and diuretics)