Examinations
Examinations
Ionized calcium represents the physiologically active portion of calcium in the blood. The physiological effects of calcium—such as muscle accumulation, hormone secretion, receptor processes, and cell division—are facilitated by its ionized form. Ionized calcium constitutes 43-50% of the total calcium in the body. Its levels fluctuate throughout the day. The amount of ionized calcium is regulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin, and active vitamin D3. Additionally, proteins, magnesium, and the acid-base balance influence calcium levels in the blood.
Determining free calcium levels provides a more accurate assessment of calcium metabolism.
- Sample Type: Venous blood.
- Preparation:
- Fasting for 8-14 hours before the test.
- Perform the test between 8:00 and 11:00 AM.
- Avoid consuming excessive amounts of food prior to the test.
Conditions Assessed:
- Hypercalcemia
- Hypocalcemia
- Severe trauma
- Sepsis, burns
- Pancreatitis
- Multiple organ failure
- Severe liver and kidney diseases
- Malabsorption
- Screening during pregnancy
Causes of Increased Ionized Calcium Levels (Hypercalcemia):
- Primary hyperparathyroidism
- Ectopic tumors producing parathyroid hormone
- Excessive vitamin D intake
- Malignant tumors
- Acidosis
- Medications: Lithium, androgens
Causes of Decreased Ionized Calcium Levels (Hypocalcemia):
- Primary hypoparathyroidism
- Vitamin D deficiency
- Sepsis
- Acute pancreatitis
- Kidney failure
- Severe damage to skeletal muscles
- Magnesium deficiency
- Alkalosis
- Hypernatremia
- Atrophic gastritis
- Alcohol consumption