Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is a group of substances that are derivatives of 3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridines and possess biological activity. This group includes pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, and pyridoxal phosphate. The most biologically important of these is pyridoxal phosphate. The coenzyme forms of vitamin B6 participate in catalysis reactions of nearly all classes of enzymes. Therefore, it plays a role in regulating protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism, biosynthesis of heme and biogenic amines, thyroid hormones, and other biologically active substances. In addition to its catalytic action, vitamin B6 is involved in the active transport of certain amino acids across cell membranes. Moreover, pyridoxal phosphate has a hypocholesterolemic and lipotropic effect, and a sufficient amount of pyridoxal phosphate in the body ensures the normal functionality of the liver.
The main complications of vitamin B6 deficiency include hypochromic anemia and seizures. Additionally, diseases and symptoms such as dry seborrhea, stomatitis, glossitis, conjunctivitis, insomnia, flatulence, and mouth ulcers are noted. However, in some cases, when high doses of vitamin B6 are taken, symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and temporary loss of sensation in the limbs may occur.