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Albumin (in Blood)

15 Azn
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General Information:
Albumin is the primary protein in blood plasma, with a half-life of 18–20 days. It plays a crucial role in maintaining oncotic pressure, ensuring proper plasma volume and circulation. In cases of malnutrition, albumin serves as a protein reserve, being utilized first for energy.

Additionally, albumin has a significant transport function, binding to substances like bilirubin, bile acids, and metal ions. Hypoalbuminemia can lead to reduced plasma calcium levels and amplify the effects of drugs that bind to albumin (e.g., corticosteroids), potentially causing toxic effects even at standard doses.

  • Sample Type: Venous blood.
  • Fasting for 8–14 hours is recommended before the test.
  • The test can also be performed 4 hours after a light meal.
  • Avoid physical and emotional stress, as well as alcohol, prior to the test.
  • Liver and kidney diseases.
  • Burns.
  • Oncological conditions.
  • Malabsorption syndrome.
  • Rheumatic diseases.

Increased Albumin Levels:

  • Dehydration: Reduced plasma volume increases albumin concentration.
  • Hemoconcentration: Due to fluid loss or restricted plasma volume.

Decreased Albumin Levels:

  1. Reduced Albumin Synthesis in the Liver:

    • Hepatitis.
    • Cirrhosis.
    • Liver atrophy or carcinoma.

  2. Inadequate Nutritional Intake:

    • Starvation.
    • Cachexia.
    • Digestive system disorders or malabsorption.

  3. Increased Protein Loss:

    • Chronic liver diseases.
    • Severe burns.
    • Tissue injuries.
    • Post-transfusion with plasma expanders.
    • Formation of exudates and transudates.

  4. Accelerated Catabolism:

    • Fever, sepsis, infectious diseases.
    • Thyrotoxicosis.
    • Malignant tumors.
    • Rheumatic diseases.
    • Overhydration.
    • Congestive heart failure.

  5. Medication and Hormonal Effects:

    • Estrogens, contraceptives, amiodarone, or steroid hormones.

Clinical Relevance:
Albumin levels are a critical marker for assessing liver function, nutritional status, and systemic health. They help in diagnosing and managing conditions like liver disease, malabsorption syndromes, and severe protein loss due to burns or chronic illnesses.