Examinations
Examinations
ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) is an indirect indicator of the degree of inflammation present in the body. Essentially, it measures the rate at which red blood cells (erythrocytes) settle in a thin and tall blood tube. The results are based on how many millimeters of clear plasma are present at the top of the column after an hour.
Normally, red blood cells settle slowly, leaving very little clear plasma. However, elevated levels of certain proteins in the blood (such as fibrinogen or immunoglobulins, which enhance inflammation) cause red blood cells to settle faster, leading to an increased ESR.
No special preparation is required for the ESR test. However, as it is often performed alongside other tests, you should follow the preparation guidelines for those tests.
ESR testing is indicated if the patient experiences symptoms such as polymyalgia, rheumatism or temporal arteritis, headaches, neck or shoulder pain, hip pain, anemia, unexplained weight loss, or joint stiffness. Additionally, many conditions can cause temporary or persistent increases in ESR.
Since ESR is not a specific inflammatory test and can be influenced by other factors, its results should be used alongside other clinical assessments, patient history, and relevant laboratory results.
Moderate ESR Elevation:
- Observed in cases of inflammation, anemia, infection, pregnancy, and aging.
Very High ESR Values:
- Typically have a clear cause, such as a significant increase in globulins due to a severe infection.
Rising ESR:
- Suggests worsening inflammation or a poor response to treatment.
Decreasing ESR:
- Indicates a positive response to treatment.
Low ESR:
- Generally insignificant but can occur in polycythemia, extreme leukocytosis, or certain protein abnormalities.
- Alterations in red blood cell shape (e.g., sickle cells in sickle cell anemia) can also lower ESR.