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Platelets - Fonio Method

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Platelets are one of the parameters assessed in a complete blood count. In specific cases, at the doctor's request or if the platelet count is below 130 x 10³/µL or above 550 x 10³/µL, platelets are counted under a microscope using the Fonio method.

This method can also be applied in certain clinical situations, such as severe thrombocytopenia or thrombocytosis, regardless of platelet concentration. The test is primarily used for diagnosing conditions like thrombocytopenia, thrombocytosis, and polycythemia.

  • Do not consume alcohol 24 hours before the test.
  • Children under 1 year old should refrain from eating 30–40 minutes prior to the test.
  • Avoid food intake for 4 hours before the test; plain, non-carbonated water is allowed.
  • Avoid physical and emotional stress for 30 minutes before the test.
  • Do not smoke 30 minutes before the test.
  • Diagnosis of polycythemia, thrombocytopenia, and thrombocytosis.
  • Monitoring of treatment effectiveness.

Above Normal Values:

  • Functional (Reactive) Thrombocytosis:
    • Caused by physical stress or inflammatory processes (e.g., systemic inflammatory diseases, osteomyelitis, tuberculosis).
  • Anemia:
    • Due to blood loss or certain types of hemolytic anemia.
  • Postoperative State.
  • Oncological Diseases:
    • Non-hematological cancers.
  • Splenectomy.
  • Acute Blood Loss or Hemolysis.
  • Tumor-Related Thrombocytosis.
  • Myeloproliferative Disorders:
    • Includes polycythemia vera, idiopathic hemorrhagic thrombocythemia

Below Normal Values:

Congenital Thrombocytopenia:

  • Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome.
  • Chediak-Higashi Syndrome.
  • Fanconi Anemia.
  • May-Hegglin Anomaly.
  • Bernard-Soulier Syndrome (Giant Platelet Syndrome).

Acquired Thrombocytopenia:

  • Idiopathic Autoimmune Thrombocytopenic Purpura.
  • Drug-Induced Thrombocytopenia.
  • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
  • Infection-Related Thrombocytopenia:
    • Viral and bacterial infections, rickettsiosis, malaria, toxoplasmosis.

Other Causes:

  • Splenomegaly.
  • Aplastic Anemia and Myelophthisis:
    • Replacement of bone marrow by tumor cells or fibrous tissue.
  • Tumor Metastasis to Bone Marrow.
  • Megaloblastic Anemias.
  • Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria.
  • Fisher-Evans Syndrome:
    • Autoimmune hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia.
  • DIC Syndrome (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation).
  • Massive Blood Transfusions and Extracorporeal Circulation.

Neonatal Period:

  • Prematurity.
  • Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn.
  • Neonatal Autoimmune Thrombocytopenic Purpura.

Chronic Conditions:

  • Chronic Heart Failure.
  • Renal Vein Thrombosis.