Geri

Anti-TPO antibodies are autoantibodies directed against the thyroid peroxidase (TPO) enzyme, which is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis. This test is the most sensitive marker for diagnosing autoimmune thyroid diseases.

The presence of Anti-TPO antibodies indicates an immune system attack on thyroid cells. Since thyroid peroxidase is responsible for activating iodine, blocking this enzyme leads to a decrease in thyroid hormone production.

Diagnostic Significance

  • Detected in 95% of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis cases
  • Detected in 85% of Graves' disease (diffuse toxic goiter) cases
  • Detection of Anti-TPO during pregnancy indicates a risk of postpartum thyroiditis and may affect the child’s development.
  • The test is performed on a venous blood sample (drawn from the elbow vein).
  • Blood can be drawn 4 hours after a light meal.

In Newborns:

  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Graves' disease (if the mother has high Anti-TPO levels)

In Adults:

  • Differential diagnosis of hyperthyroidism
  • Differential diagnosis of hypothyroidism
  • Graves' disease (diffuse toxic goiter)
  • Chronic thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis)
  • Ophthalmopathy (enlargement of tissues around the eyes)

Causes of Increased Anti-TPO Levels

  • Graves' disease (Diffuse toxic goiter)
  • Nodular toxic goiter
  • Subacute thyroiditis
  • Postpartum thyroid dysfunction
  • Idiopathic hypothyroidism
  • Autoimmune thyroiditis (e.g., Hashimoto’s thyroiditis)