Examinations
Examinations
Anti-cardiolipin antibodies (aCL) belong to the antiphospholipid antibody group, which is associated with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Clinical Significance
- IgM anti-cardiolipin antibodies are commonly found in APS and are included in the laboratory criteria for APS diagnosis, along with lupus anticoagulant and beta-2 glycoprotein 1 (β2-GP1) antibodies.
- Presence of these antibodies indicates an increased risk of blood clotting disorders, including:
- Venous thrombosis
- Arterial thrombosis
- Recurrent miscarriages
- Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count)
- Neurological complications
Association with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
- 20-50% of SLE patients have anti-cardiolipin antibodies, increasing their risk of thrombosis and pregnancy complications.
- 3-20% of patients with other systemic rheumatic diseases also test positive for these antibodies.
- Sample: Venous blood.
- Take the test at least 4 hours after a light meal.
- Avoid physical exertion, emotional stress, and alcohol before the test.
- Blood clotting disorders (thrombosis, embolism)
- Recurrent miscarriages
- Diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
- Screening for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)
- Other autoimmune diseases
Elevated IgM Anti-Cardiolipin Antibody Levels May Indicate:
- Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS)
- Increased risk of thrombosis and pregnancy complications
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
- Other autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis)
- Infections (e.g., syphilis, hepatitis, HIV, tuberculosis)
- Transient antibody elevation (can occur in some healthy individuals)
Clinical Considerations
- A single positive test does not confirm APS; repeat testing is required after 12 weeks to confirm persistent antibody presence.
- Low antibody titers may be temporary, especially after infections.