In recent years, cases of prediabetes - a stage that can lead to type 2 diabetes - have been increasing alarmingly among children and adolescents. This is primarily linked to poor nutrition, excess weight (obesity), and physical inactivity. In children, prediabetes often develops silently over several years, making it a "hidden threat.
It is crucial for parents to detect this stage in time and take the necessary measures. In this article, you will learn about the signs of prediabetes in children, the importance of timely testing, and how to interpret laboratory analysis results.
Key Points Parents Should Know
Hidden Diabetes in children occurs when their bodies lose sensitivity to the hormone insulin (insulin resistance), leading to higher-than-normal blood sugar levels.
Hidden Symptoms of Diabetes in Children
Although prediabetes in children does not cause obvious symptoms like in adults, there are hidden symptoms of diabetes that parents should pay attention to:
- Rapid Weight Gain and Obesity: A sudden increase in weight or the presence of excess weight without changes in eating habits is a strong indicator of insulin resistance.
- Excessive Cravings for Sweet Foods (Prediabetes): Because cells struggle to absorb insulin, the body constantly feels an energy deficit.
- Fatigue and Weakness: A child showing reduced energy, sleepiness, or difficulty concentrating in class may be exhibiting early signs of prediabetes.
- Skin Darkening (Acanthosis Nigricans): Darkened skin folds, especially on the back of the neck, underarms, and groin, can be a physical sign of insulin resistance.
- Frequent Thirst and Urination: Increased thirst and urination may indicate elevated blood sugar levels, with the kidneys working to remove the excess sugar through urine.
If you notice any of these hidden diabetes symptoms, consult a pediatric endocrinologist without delay.
Hidden Diabetes Tests and Review of Laboratory Results
Detection of hidden diabetes in children is possible only through analysis. Regular screening is recommended for children at high risk (those with a family history of diabetes, those who are overweight).
Main Analysis Results
Three different analysis results are mainly considered for diagnosis:
1. Blood Glucose Test (FPG): Performed after 8–12 hours of fasting.
- Prediabetes Range: 100 mg/dL – 125 mg/dL.
2. Hidden Sugar Analysis (HbA1c): Prediabetes Test (HbA1c): Shows the average blood sugar level over the past 2–3 months. This is the most reliable testing method and does not require fasting.
- Prediabetes Range: 5.7% – 6.4%.
3. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT): A sugar analysis is performed 2 hours after drinking sugar water.
- Prediabetes Range: 140 mg/dl – 199 mg/dl
If the laboratory test results fall within the specified ranges, this may indicate the development of prediabetes. Knowing this information allows parents to take timely action to maintain normal blood sugar levels.
What to Do If Prediabetes Is Detected?
If laboratory analysis results or analysis results indicate that your child has hidden sugar, this is not a cause for alarm, but rather an opportunity to prevent the disease.
Main Treatment Methods
When a child has a positive test for hidden sugar, the first step is not medication, but lifestyle changes:
1. Proper Nutrition (What a Person with Diabetes Should Eat)
- Avoid Sugary Foods and Drinks: Remove all types of sugary beverages (soda, boxed juices) and sweets from the child’s diet.
- High-Fiber Foods: Whole grains (oats, brown rice), legumes, and plenty of vegetables help maintain stable blood sugar levels.
- Healthy Fats: Avoid fast food, fried foods, and trans fats.
2. Physical Activity: Children should be physically active for at least 60 minutes every day. This could be through school sports, walking, cycling, or going to a sports club. Regular exercise significantly increases insulin sensitivity.
3. Weight Management: Even a 5% reduction in body weight can significantly lower the risk of prediabetes progressing to Type 2 diabetes.
Regular Specialist Check-ups
The most important answer to the question of what to do if hidden sugar is detected is to be under the constant supervision of a Pediatric Endocrinologist. The doctor will periodically evaluate the analysis results, give dietary recommendations, and ensure the healthy development of the child.
Remember, hidden sugar in children is a reversible condition. Timely blood sugar analysis and lifestyle changes are the best investment in protecting your child's future, so it is important to undergo timely biochemical tests.